Which of the following was not a contribution of ancient indian civilization? a. the vedas b. the invention of gunpowder c. wrought-iron pillars d. the mathematical value of pi

B. The invention of gunpowder

Explanation:

Gunpowder was invented in China. It had been used by the Taoists for medicinal practices since the 9th-century, until around 904 AD, when it was first used for warfare.

The Vedas are ancient Indian religious texts written in around 1500 and 1000 BCE.

The Iron Pillar of Delhi was crafted using forge welding and was made of wrought iron.

The exact value of pi was found due to major contributions made by Indian mathematicians Madhava and Aryabhata.

the correct answer is "pioneers carried all of their possessions on long and dangerous trails".

the first wave of pioneers travelled in 1842. they were merely 100 people. the next year that sum climbed to 1000 men, women, and children. these people travelled around 2,000 miles to oregon in the hopes of a better life. although the first part of the trip didn't present many obstacles, as time and miles went by they learnt that threat came from simple things, like becoming ill due to unclean water or bad food.

the weather didn't much, as wagons couldn't protect them from storms. as they travelled through the desert, the intense heat caused wood to shrink. their own lips abscessed and split because of the dry air. the only cure for this was to rub axle grease on their lips.

even crossing rivers was dangerous. sometimes wheels were damaged by unseen rocks on shallow water. mud didn't much either. pioneers were afraid of indian attacks, but there aren't many records of fights between pioneers and native americans. accidents happened because of negligence, exhaustion, guns, and bad weather.

history says that 1 of 10 pioneers who travelled to oregon didn't survive the journey. diseases spread fastly because they didn't have doctors and medical care was ofently improvised. one of the most deadly diseases they came upon was cholera, which became a worldwide pandemia.