Why do you think the catholic church was so committed to defending the literal meaning of the bible passages

One important reason why the Catholic Church was committed to defending the literal meaning of the Bible was the fact that the Church believed that if people did not subscribe to the literal meaning of the Bible, they might instead decide to interpret it on their own. This could have catastrophic consequences, as they could start to believe that they were capable of living as a Christian without the guidance of the Church, and the institution would lose its power over its followers.

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

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