The is the presiding officer of the senate whenever the vice president is not present. speaker of the house president pro tempore president chief justice

When the vice president is absent, the Constitution of the United States provides for a president pro tempore to preside over him.

Futhermore, the president pro tempore designates other senators to preside in his absence, generally new members of the majority party.

In contradistinction to the vice president, the president pro tempore is a duly elected member of the Senate, able to speak and vote on any issue.

the constitution of the united states gave congress the absolute authority over immigration laws

benito

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