What was the main goal of early-19th-century utopian communities?
(a) rehabilitating nonviolent criminals
(b) providing better services for low-income families
(c) serving as sociological studies
(d) achieving religious, social, economic, and/or political perfection
(e) furthering american-style democracy in the non-western world

The main goal of early-19th-century Utopian communities was to achieve religious, social, economic, and/or political perfection. It was considered to put forward a new age in human civilization. This was a time when charismatic leaders who are greatly influenced by religious and secular moral ideas experimented wildly with ideal models of government and general lifestyle of its people. During the 1800s, hundreds of these secularists were scattered all over the United States and most mysteriously disappeared without a single trace. 

Brookland, Fruit Farms, New Harmony, Oneida, and The Shakers are the five Utopian communities that have made a lasting impression on the life of some people in the United States.