Why does the judicial branch, as opposed to the executive or legislative branch have the power of judicial review

They have the power of judicial review because they are supposed to be impartial and objective since they don't belong to the government or the parties. They review laws and executive acts made by the president and the congress in order to examine whether the acts are legal or in most cases whether or not they are constitutional.

The case was a u.s. supreme court decision that defined the scope of the u.s. congress's legislative power and how it relates to the powers of american state legislatures. the dispute in mcculloch involved the legality of the national bank and a tax that the state of maryland imposed on it.