What is a republic? in minds of 18th century americans, what essential qualities did people need to have for a republic to succeed? why did americans disagree over the role of direct- democracy should play in republican society?

A republic is a government in which the people and/or elected officials have the most say in the government and a president is elected rather than a monarch. The early founders in creating the American republic believed certain groups were better fit to represent all the people. Due to their position of power in regards to other people, men were seen as the most fit to lead and vote. Additionally, land owners being responsible and invested as well as those 21 and over were considered most fit. Additionally many, especially the Federalists, believed that the elite were most worthy as they were also the most moral. Their education level and ability to be successful meant they were best fit to make good decisions for all. Anti-Federalists, especially Thomas Jefferson believed all men should be involved in the process and a truer form of democracy was needed. He often argued for the right of commoners to revolt and overthrow government if it was needed. The voice of the people should drive all decisions not the voices of a few elites. Federalists feared direct democracy due to the common man's lack of education and inability to be rational. Ultimately Federalists, especially Alexander Hamilton wanted the British system just with a president instead of a king and them in power instead of British Parliament. 

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