Boats such as those shown in the photograph were used in which 1944 invasion

I should be D-Day. That was the decisive sea event of 1944.

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful