How does the modern era differ from the post-classical era? a. economies are based on agriculture during the modern era, but were based on manufacturing during the post-classical era. b. the modern era has seen the rise of powerful imperial states, while the post-classical era was characterized by smaller city-states. c. the modern era is characterized by global exchange of ideas and goods, while this kind of exchange was mostly regional during the post-classical era. d. nations rely on raw materials from within their own borders during the modern era, but they relied on materials from abroad during the post-classical era.

Option: C. The modern era is characterized by global exchange of ideas and goods, while this kind of exchange was mostly regional during the post-classical era.

Explanation:

The post-classical era is characterized by the expansion of the civilizations around Asia and the Middle East with a flourished trading with nearby regions. Where the modern era is known by its connection with the worldwide in terms of interchanging ideas and merchandise, industries and development in the areas of science, technology, politics and warfare.  

the expansion of the rule of empires over other territories took place as a result of several reasons including economic, ethnocentric, political, and religious, and exploratory purposes.

in terms of economic purposes: imperial governments aimed to maximize profits and with that purpose they neeeded cheap labor, access to or control of markets to sell or buy products. they also desired to find natural resources (precious metals and land). in the awake of   industrial revolution, dependent colonies provided the necessary raw materials that european factories and market needed to manufacture products.  

ethnocentric: many territories were conquered by imperial territories in an attempt to spread their cultures, values and belief as they considered them to be superior. in the late 19th century, for example, european powers held   the racist belief that inferior races should be conquered in order to “civilize” them.

political: another reason that drove conquer and expansion was patriotism and growing imperial power. it refers to national prestige, pride, and security. empires sought strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world.

religious: the aim of converting new member of other religions was another factor that prompted expansion.   christian missionaries from europe established churches in conquered territories during the nineteenth century. thus, they spread western cultural values. furthermore, the imperial nation’s language was spread as well, through educational and religious interactions.

exploratory: imperial nations or their citizens aimed to explore territory that was unknown to them,   for different purposes including medical or scientific research, however, at the very   beginning, they did it to embark on adventure. furthermore, imperial explorers sought to discover, map, and claim territory before their imperial competition did, for national and personal glory as well as to realize the imperialist goal of expansion.

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