Historians have learned a great deal about the crusades from chroniclers like william of tyre and ibn al-qalanisi. today, reporters and newscasters travel all over the world to report on international events, including conflicts. imagine what we might know had there been journalists with access to television, cell phones, and social media in the 13th century.

time for you to take on the responsibility of being an international journalist! you are using social media to report the thick of the action of the crusades! your assignment is to keep the world updated on what is happening in ten short posts. remember that as a reporter your job is to remain neutral and report the facts. as you prepare each post, keep the following points in mind:

should have a total of ten posts.
to make sure your reporting is accurate. others are counting on the right information! state facts, not just opinions.
details about the events and the historical figures involved in each time period. your reader understand the course of events and their short or long term consequences by including dates, if available.
specific locations, and explain their importance. use at least two maps from this lesson!
updates should be thorough, with enough information to be interesting. means you should write at least three sentences (containing factual information) for each post.

1. Pope Urban calls for the First Crusade. Due to Turkish rapid expansion westward, Pope Urban called the nations of Europe to support the crusades and recapture Jerusalem. As Jerusalem was seen to be a holy piece of land, it needed to belong to the Christian world and the Pope wanted as much help from others as was possible.

2. Many European rulers rejected the call. The kings of Britain and France rejected out of spite since they had many issues with the Pope. What was problematic is that their nobles and vassals decided to join the Pope hoping that they would also attain power through their work with the church. People from Italy and Germany joined almost instantly.

3. After the crusaders managed to successfully take Jerusalem, they established an independent land. They wanted to purge all people who were of different religion from the city so they killed everyone in their way indiscriminately. This also included Jews, besides Muslims, as well as some Christians who managed to remain in the city.

4. Since the Seljuks managed to take the region for themselves, the second crusade was called in order to retake the region. Unlike the first one, the second crusade was unsuccessful and the Kingdom of Edessa was unable to be formed once again by the crusaders. This resulted in many losses for the Christian world.

5. Following the failure that was the second crusade, leaders of France and Britain managed to start another crusade in order to try and take Jerusalem again, this time from Saladin. They suffered heavy losses which resulted in the Treaty of Jaffa which ended the war for a while. Saladin proved to be too strong with his armies for Europeans to take on.

6. The forth crusade brings much of the same. In another attempt to get Jerusalem back, the Christian countries of Europe managed to get another large army and send it to recapture Jerusalem. This time, the mighty Venetian fleet and army joined too which resulted in the Crusaders having over 20 000 soldiers which was a lot for the time.

7. Due to difficulties in the war and people not agreeing with each other, the Fourth crusade actually ended with the sacking of Constantinople, not with Jerusalem. The Venetians who were fighting Byzantines for a long time managed to get the crusaders to sack Constantinople which resulted in the Western Church becoming much more powerful than the eastern.

8. The next couple of crusades were unsuccessful and failed to capture the spirit of the first one. This resulted in the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth crusade having armies with much lower numbers and even fewer successful warfare endeavors than the previous ones. The Europeans were getting tired of going to Jerusalem every so often.

9. The final large crusade was the Ninth. As the previous ones, it was a complete loss, even though it seemed at first that there would be more successful endeavors considering there were a few victories in battles. In the end, the crusade was finished unsuccessfully and without any support by the people form Europe who ultimately had armies to send.

10.  Although these were the major crusades, there was a huge number of smaller ones that were named after groups of people or specific battles because they were much smaller and didn’t encompass the entirety of Europe like the major ones did. They existed parallel with the major crusades, even though they didn’t get much time among the public.

every of the four river valley civilizations, religion played an enormous role in shaping and cultivating each civilization. this essay will briefly discuss how religion formed the river valley people’s government and view on geography. religion dictated how the peoples of the river valley civilizations managed government and geography.

            religious leaders played prominent roles in every river valley civilizations form of government. from ancient egypt and mesopotamia to china’s historic empire and the indus river valley, all the river valley civilizations had significant religious figures. in ancient egypt, the pharaoh was revered as a god and therefore was given his right as supreme governing authority in the eyes of the people. the elusive emperors of china gained there governing rights by a mandate of heaven creating long lines of dynasties until the common people of china felt the dynasty had lost the favor of the gods. chinese emperors were not only governing leaders but also the spiritual leaders of ancient china. mesopotamian and indus river valley priests were referred as has head officials who had vast amounts of authority in these two civilizations primitive forms of democracy. religion shaped the structure and social caste of the four river valley civilizations.

hope that

nations must cooperate to bring about and maintain world peace.

nations must not wage wars or commit war crimes in a desire to control other nations.

i think i know which options you have but if these aren't options let me know