…the achievement gap between black and white
students in south africa is enormous. in the
province of western cape, only 2 out of 1,000
sixth-graders in predominantly black schools
performed at grade level on a math test in 2005,
compared with 2 out of 3 children in schools once
reserved for whites that are now integrated, but
generally in more affluent [wealthier]
neighborhoods.…
—celia w. dugger

which underlying historical factor most
significantly contributed to this achievement gap?
(1) inequalities existing between the races under
apartheid
(2) economic sanctions placed on school
communities
(3) lack of governmental support for white
educational programs
(4) a peri