When european nations established colonies in africa in the late 1800s, they

When European nations established colonies in Africa in the late 1800s, they set up Imperial governments in the land to  exploit the natural and human resources of the continent.  

Each European  countries involved  aimed to increase its prestige  by accumulating territories in other parts of the world including Africa. By 1900,the Berlin conference to divide Africa brought about nominal control of African territory by Europe. All this was done without the consent of African people.

The European nations sought to expand their economies  by obtaining raw materials from Africa which could be transported back to domestic factories and turned into manufactured goods for sale at the expense of the African people. 

your answer is

relations between the soviet union and the united states were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. the distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.

the united states government was initially hostile to the soviet leaders for taking russia out of world war i and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. although the united states embarked on a famine relief program in the soviet union in the early 1920s and american businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the new economic policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. by that time, the totalitarian nature of joseph stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the west. although world war ii brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating nazi germany, the soviet union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward eastern europe had created tensions even before the war ended.

france,russia and prussia had absolute monarchy and it meant:

when louis xiv inherited the throne, he was able to serve as his chief minister.louis xiv ruled as an absolute monarch.