All of the following served as escape routes for the underground railroad, except which? a. a route through georgia and then along the ohio river. b. a route along the eastern swamps along the atlantic coast from georgia to virginia. c. a route through the appalachian mountains from northern georgia and into pennsylvania. d. a route starting from the west, and then moving along the mississippi river.

Which of the following led to a continuation of the treatment in the excerpt above? a)the brutality of the trans-atlantic african slave trade. b)spanish repression after violent native uprisings in new spain during the 16th century. c)european competition to quickly establish colonial holdings in the new world. d)the reliance of the spanish on native americans to provide labor under the encomienda system.