The "new immigrants" who immigrated to the united states after the civil war primarily came from all of the following countries except:
a. italy
b. poland
c. ireland
d. russia

The "new immigrants" who immigrated to the United States after the Civil War primarily came from all of the following countries except Russia. So the correct option in regards to the given question is option "d". After the Civil war, the opportunities of getting a job in the United States increased by a huge margin. This lead to a huge number of immigrants coming into the United States. With the completion of railroads, transportation of goods to far away places became faster and easier and this led to more and more productions in the industries. For greater production, more labor was required and this lead to more and more immigrants coming to the United States.

Democracy and darwinism would be my answer.