The leaders of early kingdoms in egypt and mesopotamia became:

The leaders of early kingdom in Egypt and Mesopotamia became the king of gods. In which this is considered to be a polytheistic system that one divinity is being made in means of having to achieve this position and that this is parallel with the growth in regards of the hierarchal system.

King, and at the same time, Gods

Explanation:

Politics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia were strictly close to religious affairs, which means that the rulers were seen as kings, but at the same time, they were considered divinities to the religious aspects of Egypt and Mesopotamia - a polytheist religion. This means that they were chosen by the gods, and represent their will on Earth.

the authority to tax.

the punishment for breaking the law would depend on the conditions or the seriousness of the law being broken, if he or she breaks the law while doing some great discovery or invention then it would classify as a scientific fraud. there are other words to describe the crime but scientific fraud would be the harshest one.