Who was catherine sager pringle? a) a survivor of the whitman massacre b) a child orphaned on her journey from missouri to the pacific northwest c) one of the whitmans adopted children d) all of the above

The answer is D) All of the above.

Catherine Sager Pringle was first orphaned when her parents died during the westward journey described in B). She was then adopted by the Whitmans, and orphaned a second time when her adopted parents died in the Whitman massacre.