Why did congress feel it necessary to pass the thirteenth amendment, which abolished slavery in the united states?

The national women's suffrage association was formed in 1869 to obtain rights for women.

Which of the following led to a continuation of the treatment in the excerpt above? a)the brutality of the trans-atlantic african slave trade. b)spanish repression after violent native uprisings in new spain during the 16th century. c)european competition to quickly establish colonial holdings in the new world. d)the reliance of the spanish on native americans to provide labor under the encomienda system.

What spanish colony gained its independence in part due to the efforts and sacrfice of a village priest named father hidalgo? a. argentina b. venezuela c. mexico d. peru answer asap