Before the reign of alexander the great, india was divided into small kingdoms and tribal units. northwest india was constantly under attack by foreign invasions. under his administration, alexander took control of these small states. what effect did alexander’s actions most likely have on indian civilization? a) alexander set the foundation for a decentralized form of government, which was adopted by the gupta dynasty. b) alexander increased the hostility among the independent states against his rule in india. c) alexander improved cultural contacts between the independently existing states. d) alexander paved the path for political unity in india, which was later achieved by the mauryan dynasty. you!