Why was is necessary in 1868 to apply the federal bill of rights to the states with the 14th amendment?

Match the following: 1. empirical the belief that an idea should be evaluated based on how it works 2. fundamentalism knowledge based on observation and experiment rather than theory 3. obtrusive to intentionally force ideas or intrude on others 4. pragmatism not religious or spiritual in nature 5. secular a religious doctrine that emphasizes a return to rigid principles