Which of the following did not occur during the cold war?
a. a space race
b. an arms race
c. a series of proxy wars
d. direct conflict between the two global superpowers

"D. direct conflict between the two global superpowers" did not occur during the Cold War, since a "Cold War" means that although there is great tension, no actual "shots are fired" directly between the antagonists. 

The second , larger puritan colony of massachusetts bay was conceived as a "city upon a hill". but it also struggled with internal turmoil like the salem witch trials and external conflicts like king philip's (metacom's) war.