Why did england want to find new ways to raise revenue in the colonies

What two things are being compared in this epic simile (the odysseus)

By the end of the 1800s, there was a change in the nature of the immigrants coming to the united states. immigration from northern europe—england, ireland, germany, and scandinavia—declined, while immigration from italy, russia, and austria-hungary grew. in fact, between 1900 and 1910, more than three-fourths of all immigrants came from these three countries. unfortunately, these countries were far removed england, the home of our founders, and the immigrants who came from them had a hard time adjusting to life in their new country.

In 150-200 words, name three advancements made by the egyptians and tell how they impacted the culture.