According to article vii, the constitution would go into effect when nine states ratified it. a fierce debate raged for months between the federalists, who supported the constitution, and the anti-federalists, who opposed it. what arguments did the anti-federalists present?

this isn't a question and if you're going to list things be kind and use commas.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.