What geographic situation allowed the ottoman empire to become one of the great trade centers of the world?

The collapse of the roman empire most likely to empower the catholic church because

The idea of liberalism in eighteenth-century british politics: a. had mainly a civic and social quality. b. prompted two eighteenth-century leaders, joseph mccarthy and hugh mccarran, to demand independence for ireland. c. brought great wealth and power to its main voice, john locke. d. was compatible with inequalities in wealth and well-being. e. had the same meaning as liberalism in twenty-first-century american politics.

Why did the collapse of the soviet union and the power vacuum in the balkans lead to bosnian genocide?