The fundamental cause of the peloponnesian war was
rome's attempt to expand into greece
sparta's fear and jealousy of the power and wealth of athens
alexander the great's conquest of the persian empire
athens's fear of sparta's growing empire in greece

The fundamental cause of the Peloponnesian War was Sparta's dear and jealousy of the power and wealth of Athens. This caused Sparta to push many city-states to turn against Athens, as well as some citizens of Athens to turn against their own city-state. The Peloponnesian War was fought in three stages or phases as historians like to call them and took place from 431-404 BC.

The muslims ruler the mandated and cultural toleration was osman