The federal reserve has three main tools that can be used for enacting monetary policy, including open market regulation and the discount rate. if using either open market regulation or the discount rate can have virtually the same effect, why is there concern over the fed buying $600 billion in treasury bonds, which is estimated to have the effect of lowering interest rates by three-quarters of a percentage point?

in the 1800s, locomotives powered by steam made transportation faster and cheaper. the resulting rapid growth of railroads led to the connection of the atlantic and pacific railroad in oklahoma city in 1897.

in the last years of the century, the improvement of steam-based engines the expansion and growth of railroads. this growth increased when the companies started to build and expand, such as the atlantic and pacific railroad, which connected new mexico with california, and missouri with oklahoma. many of these new networks were built in oklahoma, and these changes transportation henceforward.