What piece of legislation stated that states had the right to judge whether federal laws agreed with the constitution

The virginia and kentucky resolutions

Explanation:

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were passed as a protest to the Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolutions argued that the states had the duty to nullify within the state’s borders laws that the state believed to be unconstitutional. And they believed that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional because they infringed powers that were reserved to the states, therefore the Alien and Sedition Acts were not applied to Virginia and Kentucky.

if you are talking about current time the answer is no

if you are talking about when the colonies were developing the answer is yes