British gentry joined early 17th century coffeehouses and pub groups and discovered things that were new to their world. They got to experiment with substances that were not necessarily good for them including all EXCEPT:

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during the 20th century, the role of the vice president has evolved into more of an executive branch position. now, the vice president is usually seen as an integral part of a president's administration and presides over the senate only on ceremonial occasions or when a tie-breaking vote may be needed.

it should be a. song dynasty’s civil service examination system created an administrative bureaucracy manned by the landed aristocracy.

the answer is c. hope is