Which disciple of Jesus is often considered the first pope of the Catholic Church

Saint Peter the Apostle

Explanation:

Peter is said to have founded the Church in Rome with Paul, served as its bishop, authored two epistles, and then met martyrdom there along with Paul.

Explanation:

polling is a process and the outcome is not involved in the process itself.

the outcome, which is an unfavorable rating for a particular candidate is not affected by the mechanical process of polling.

it rather depends on the number of people voting in favor of the candidate.

this is an outcome of people's preferences.

b)

it created free trade throughout the colonial territories.