What does the camera obscura show about Muslim contributions to scholarship? Muslim scholars improved on past ideas and developed new ones.
Muslim scholars focused mainly on translating the works of Greeks into Arabic.
Inventions by Muslim scholars were intended to improve their practice of Islam.
Inventions by Muslim scholars were focused on mathematical applications.

the right choice would be a. culture within the city-state. c. loyalty to the police. d separation by land and sea.

where are the options?

explanation:

it was certainly a debatable decision, mainly because it was based primarily on political - and not on legal or social - views. since the congress at that time was led by members of the republican party, and the territory that the tribes wanted to turn into an exclusively indian state was predominantly democratic, the proposal (as expressed in the constitution) did not succeed, but the constitution itself proved to be of crucial importance in the creation of the state of oklahoma, and, most importantly, it guaranteed the involvement of representatives of the indian tribes in the government of the future joint state.  

as a member of congress, i would have voted to ratify the constitution, or at least to have it tabled. ignoring it was an interested and partial decision.