Definition of Shi'a Islam

Shi'a Islam

Shi'a Islam or Shi`ism (from the Arabic word شيعة, Persian: شیعه) is the second largest school within Islam. Shi'a Muslims adhere to the teachings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his Ahlul Bayt (family). Shi'as believe that the Imam – their preferred title for the political and religious leader of the Muslim community must belong to the direct lineage of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and her husband (and Muhammad's cousin), Ali ibn Abi Talib (Imam Ali, the fourth caliph). The Imam is regarded as sinless and infallible and appoints his successor (except within the Zaydi sub-group, in which he emerges). The Shi'as reject the first three caliphs in Sunni Islam as usurpers of Ali's Imamate. The theme of lineage and infallibility of the Imam developed within Shi'a Islam, as well as the idea of a hidden Imam who will bring God's judgment in the Last Days. There are several sub-divisions. Some Shi’a, such as the Aga Khan Ismailis recognize a living Imam. For the majority group, the Imam is now "hidden" but will return as the Mahdi. Relations between 'Shi'a and Sunni Muslims have been strained although efforts at reconciliation have also been made. The differences between the two schools can be maximized or minimized, depending on the agenda of the commentator. Shi'a have often lived as minorities and as such have experienced persecution. Since the beginning of the Safavid Dynasty it has been the State religion in Iran, where this status has often led to confusion between religion and the pursuit of Iranian national goals, which have sometimes involved a desire to restore Persia's ancient power and prestige in the region. EtymologyThe term Shi'a comes from the Arabic word شيعة Shi'a. The singular/adjective form of this name is Arabic shi`i شيعي. "Shi'a" is the short form of the historic phrase shi`at `Ali شيعة علي, meaning "the advocates of Ali." Sunni and Shi'a sources trace the term to Muhammad himself. The phrase Shi'a of Ali was historically a title given by Muhammad and later by his descendants in praise of Ali's followers and that of the Ahlul Bayt (house of the Prophet’s family). Rippin (1991) refers to Shi'a as an "alternative vision of Islamic identity" (Rippin 1991, 103-116).

Shi’a islam is also known as shi’ism. it is the second largest branch of islam and they believe that imams are inspired by God, are without sin and can interpret the teachings of the Qur'an without making any errors. Today, Shi'a Muslim communities are led by imams, who are seen as having been chosen by God.

Answer:

jim crow law, in u.s. history, any of the laws in which racial was enforced, in the south between the finish of reconstruction in 1877 and the start of the social liberties development during the 1950s.

jim crow was the name of a minstrel routine( jump jim crow) performed starting in 1828 by its creator, thomas dartmouth ("daddy") rice, and by numerous imitators, including on-screen character joseph jefferson.

the term came to be a defamatory sobriquet for african americans and an assignment for their segregated life. the segregation rule was stretched out to parks, graveyards, theaters, and eateries with an end goal to keep any contact among blacks and whites as equivalents.

it was classified on neighborhood and state levels and most broadly with the "separate yet equivalent" choice of the u.s. preeminent court in plessy v. ferguson (1896).