The believe the caliph should always be elected, not conferred by heredity. The created the office of the "Imam" or leader/guide.

According to thomas hobbes concept of the social contract, what do people exchange for the protection by the government?

The california gold rush: actually had only a small impact on california’s population because its rich farmlands already attracted thousands of new settlers each year. attracted almost equal numbers of men and women. resulted in laws that discriminated against “foreign miners.” made considerable wealth for average miners because gold mining demanded no real investment of capital. hurt the development of san francisco because gold discoveries shifted interest to areas outside of town.

What is the waterway that links the atlantic and pacific ocean