What is the rise of nationalism in Europe?

The rise of nationalism in Europe initiated with the Spring of Nations in 1848.[citation needed] American political science professor Leon Baradat has argued that “nationalism calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state – a nation-state – to support those interests.” Nationalism was the ideological impetus that, in a few decades, transformed Europe. Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self-determination and newly formed national governments.[1] Some countries, such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common "national identity". Others, such as Greece, Serbia, Poland and Bulgaria, were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.[2] Romania is a special case, formed by the unification of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia on 1859 and later gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1878.

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The rise of nationalism in Europe with the Spring of Nations in 1848. Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self determination and newly formed national governments.

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