How did the Dutch come to dominate Indian Ocean Trade

In Europe, the Dutch entered the Indian Ocean as the Dutch East India Company in 1602, with the idea of challenging Portuguese power and gaining wealth for themselves. In 1641, the Dutch took Melaka, and Portuguese power declined while theirs rose. They took Cape Town, Ceylon and Formosa. They enforced a new monopoly on spices by taking over the islands that produced them. The was dominant in the Indian Ocean until 1680. The British entered about the same time as the Dutch, chartering the East India Company in 1600.  Later, they made inroads on Dutch territory and the spice trade.

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