Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate? A. the nobles encouraged social mobility
B. the practices of the Catholic Church led to the development of a classless society
C. Sharp class distinctions divided European society
D. Industrialization led to the growth of socialism throughout Europe

the neolithic revolution began the era of permanent societies, the reliance on the limited amount of land gave way to political organization and this political organization caused social organization which was divided by amount of property and power.

the neolithic revolution (new stone age) was the first agricultural revolution. it was a gradual change from nomadic hunting and gathering communities and bands to agriculture and settlement. this period is described as a "revolution" because it changed the way of life of communities which made the change.

sentence:

let´s farm and domesticate these animals so we do not be hunting in the woods all the time

a hypothesis is an expected answer to a question, usually based on some theory or prior research. hypothesis testing is a method of determining the viability of a hypothesis. let’s use the us presidential election as an example. there are many hypotheses (questions) about how people feel or whom they will vote for. the only way to know the 100% “truth” about the answers to these questions is to ask every single possible voter – something that is impossible, expensive, time consuming etc. instead, we take samples and use statistics to make “best guesses” about the answer to a particular hypothesis. we never know for sure if our conclusion is right at the time we accept/reject it, but these techniques, when used appropriately can get us close to the truth most of the time (which is a lot better than guessing, flipping coins or throwing darts to get answers).

the tricky part about hypothesis testing is that we have to think somewhat backwards about it – we have to test what is known as the “null hypothesis”. as an example, the hypothesis might be “obama is more popular than romney” while the null hypothesis is “there is no difference in popularity between obama and romney”. we focus on the null hypothesis because it tells us exactly what the expected value of our tests should be (obama popularity = romney popularity) and we can collect data and see if it comes out that way (see next section on “significance”). if it does, then we “accept the null hypothesis” and reject our original hypothesis. if the null hypothesis is disproven, we look at the data to see if our original hypothesis holds (obama> romney).