19. England experienced all of the following hardships in the late 1500's prompting colonization EXCEPT

a. social division within religious groups due to the Protestant Reformation.
b. international rivalry with European countries such as Ireland and Spain.
c. a population growth which reduced jobs and wages in England.
d. an enclosure movement creating the need to access more land for farmers and
indentured servants.
e. the widespread importation of African slaves into the British Isle.

all

explanation:

the fact that could also be added to column b is that during world war ii, specifically between the years 1941 and 1945, japan expanded its territory towards the indonesian territory in what was known later as part of the "pacific war". in that time, japan could conquer the philipines, singapore,   borneo, central java, malang, cebu, sumatra and various other islands of the area, therefore expanding its territory for a brief period of time.

gender discrimination race discrimination hard