What role did Columbus and the Spanish colonies play in the formation of the English colonies?

They served as a catalyst/motivation for England's colonization.

Explanation: Spain, who found the Americas first with Columbus' expedition, colonized the Americas first and became VERY wealthy in gold, land, and resources. This elevated Spain's power, economy, and status in Europe which the English didn't like. In order to compete with Spain and get rich too, England began colonizing. Without Spain and Columbus (and Spain's emphasis on exploration), the New World would not have been discovered and England would not have joined the colonization craze.

a. the astrolabe could determine the correct latitudinal location of the ship

john maynrd keynes developed new economic respose to the                           ( b. great depression if the 1930's)