Describe some of the controversies and advancements of the Renaissance era

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

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Some of the controversies and advancements of the Renaissance era were the following.

The Renaissance was a period when people began challenging the church and its teachings. During this period in the history of humans, the Catholic Church was increasingly seen as a corrupt institution with too much power.

The Renaissance years, after the dark ages of the Middle Age, was a time when many things changed and the concept of "Humanism" was introduced, which meant more respect for the human being and his possibility to increase knowledge through reason. This made people see how the Catholic Church represented a corrupt institution that amassed a fortune selling indulgences to people and exerted too much power and influence over their followers.  

The Renaissance years left the inquisition times behind, although the Catholic church's power maintained its influence in some places.

Renaissance created a new form of thinking that supported individualism, secularism, and the idea that humans were intelligent and creative beings that could use the mind, the reason to thrive. During those periods, artistic works, scientific discoveries, social and political ideas renovated the way things were done in the middle ages.

Great artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Rafael, created beautiful pieces of art.