In the late nineteenth century, southern Democrats redrew the boundaries of congressional districts to .

reduce the power of the African-American vote

Explanation:

In the late nineteenth century, southern Democrats redrew the boundaries of congressional districts to "reduce the power of the African-American vote."

This process is often referred to as Gerrymandering. It is one of the many means by which the Southern Democrats used to disenfranchise or reduce the power of the African-American vote.

Other methods used were poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clause, etc.

pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.

most people were factory or company owners.