In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that

The ruled that  "Congress has the power to “regulate commerce” and that Federal law takes precedence over state laws."

Explanation:

The official ruling came after a heated argument, of commerce regulation when the state and federal laws conflicted with one another.

not too sure on this one thinking tyo organize the division of africa

answer; william penn's approach made the colony diverse by attracting many types of people and religions;