This era is sometimes introduced as the birth of “modernity” and an
era of "Revolutions." What made
this era distinctive or different from
previous eras? In what ways did
the era continue trends or patterns
that we saw in previous eras?
What explains the changes and
continuities in this era?

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

d. hip hop

it was originated in the 70s while the harlem renaissance occured in the 1920s

food chain i would say only because there is competition on getting food and survival