Question 12 Questions 11-14 refer to the excerpt below.

“The authority, therefore, given to the Supreme Court by the act establishing the judicial courts of the United States to issue writs of mandamus to public officers appears not to be warranted by the Constitution, and it becomes necessary to ask whether this is Constitutional… the question of whether an act against the Constitution can become the law of the land is a question deeply interesting to the United States…

This original supreme will organizes the government and assigns to different departments their respective powers… [Within] the government of the United States… The powers of the legislature are defined and limited; and that those limits may not be mistaken or forgotten, the Constitution is written.”

Source: John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, 1803.

All of the following were results of Marbury v. Madison EXCEPT…

A
The judicial branch was given the power to determine if laws were constitutional.

B
The Supreme Court’s purpose and power became much clearer to Americans.

C
Thomas Jefferson was not allowed to appoint justices to the Supreme Court.

D
John Marshall became an influential thinker in American politics.

Why are primary sources important when studying historical events

Plz me asap. upon arrival of european powers on american soil, a quick end came to many native populations. numbers were devastated the longer europeans were present. many empires such as the aztec and inca were taken by force. the natives’ weapons of arrows and rocks were no match for gunpowder, steel swords, and horses. yet even after hostile takeovers, the native americans continued to suffer in numerous ways. according to las casas, the harshness of the encomienda system took many native lives. examples of such harshness included beatings by colonists and exhaustion caused by never-ending labor. natives were forced into slave labor in order to process colonists’ crops such as sugar cane and tobacco. these crops were referred to as “cash crops”. cash crops are crops grown not for sustenance but because they are extremely profitable. the colonies would have natives tend to these crops and they would then be exported to other european nations for high prices in order to make manufactured or processed goods. native slaves were worked for long hours in extremely hot temperatures with very little food, water, or breaks. they suffered savage beatings for working too slow and some were killed for refusal to work due to their exhaustion. poor health is another struggle natives faced upon european colonization. many natives died from hunger once colonists started to take their land. colonists’ cattle trampled native crops such as corn and squash. but possibly the most devastating factor in declining native populations were the diseases brought by europeans and against which the native people had no immunity. these included smallpox, typhus, chicken pox, mumps, and measles. hundreds upon thousands of natives fell to such diseases. entire villages were wiped out in mere days of the first symptom. native cities throughout the americas became desolate from the fast spread of disease. native american empires such as the aztec and the inca fell to the spanish and portuguese in the 1500s. the aztec alone had between sixteen and eighteen million people under their rule before europeans landed on the continent. why were these empires unable to fight the inevitable take over of european powers? use evidence from the text to support your answer.

All of the following were restrictions on free african americans, who lived primarily in the upper south except: