Refer to the passage. "Finally, in one word, their Ambition and Avarice, than which the heart of Man never entertained greater, and the vast Wealth of those Regions; the Humility and Patience of the Inhabitants (which made their approach to these Lands more [easy]) did much promote the business: Whom they so despicably condemned, that they treated them (I speak of things which I was an Eye Witness of, without the least fallacy) not as Beasts, which I cordially wished they would, but as the most abject dung and filth of the Earth; and so [solicitous] they were of their Life and Soul, that the above-mentioned number of People died without understanding the true Faith or Sacraments. And this also is as really true as . . . that the Spaniards never received any injury from the Indians, but that they rather reverenced them as Persons descended from Heaven, until that they were compelled to take up Arms, provoked thereunto by repeated Injuries, violent Torments, and injust Butcheries.”

Excerpt from A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies (1542), written by Spanish colonist and bishop Bartolomé de Las Casas

The views expressed in the passage are best seen as evidence of which of the following effects of colonialism?

Unprovoked attacks by indigenous peoples against settlers
Cooperation and trade between settlers and indigenous peoples
The spread of settlers’ religious beliefs among indigenous peoples
The displacement and murder of indigenous peoples in conquered lands