Opposing positions on issues facing our new nation led to the rise of the first- Civil War
Constitutional Congress
Election debate
Political Parties

for this case we have the following equation:

we apply distributive property to the terms within parentheses.

subtracting 2 on both sides of the equation:

answer: c  

the factory goes out of business, causing the workers to lose their jobs.

explanation:

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.