Freedom from cruel punishment is to the 8 thAmendment As the right to due process is to the

It became part of the U.S. Bill of Rights in 1791 as the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In the early years of the republic, the phrase "cruel and unusual punishment" was interpreted as prohibiting torture and particularly barbarous punishments.

The 8 amendment: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Democracy and darwinism would be my answer.