List the stages of the Silk Road from oldest to the most recent The Silk Road during the Tang and Song Dynasties expanding more Arabic cities

Early 200s BC the Silk Road was established from China to European civilizations for trade

The Silk Road with roads and ferries covering 31 countries from East Asia to Istanbul, Turkey

The Silk Road was under Islamic Turkish rule and then mongol control

(1) Early 200s BC the Silk Road was established from China to European civilizations for trade

(2) The Silk Road was under Islamic Turkish rule and then Mongol control of the Khan empires.

(3) The Silk Road was at its peak during the 'golden age' of the Tang and then Song Dynasties, expanding to more Arabic cities.

(4)The New Silk Road with highways and motorized ferries covered 31 countries from East Asia to Istanbul, Turkey.

Explanation:

answer: karl marx, max weber, and emile durkheim (the fourth could be considered georg simmel)

explanation:

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.