During the 19th century, the powerful nations of Europe "carved up" Africa into colonies and territories. Before colonization, how were the borders in Africa established?

both are true, the congress does have the power to create banks, even if this power is not specifically described in the constitution, since there is nothing restricting it and there is power given to the congress to make "all laws which shall be necessary and proper". maryland was not allowed to tax a branch of the national bank operating there, and the supreme court decided that no state could. both of these topics were discussed in a decision of the mcculloch v. maryland case in 1819.

the han greatly expands the chinese empire. the han dynasty retains the centralized bureaucracy and unified political system of the qin but adopts and grafts upon this the confucian view that government should be run by educated, ethical men.

explanation:

nothing did. japan is wierd and always was.