The Cold War was a time of inflamed passions. Nations were engulfed in suspicion and paranoia. It was especially important for leaders to keep a cool head in trying times. One wrong move could have spelled disaster. As the American diplomat George Kennan observed, “I would plead for cool nerves and a keen eye, and the realization that one can be wrong without being evil, and that those wrong ones might be ourselves.” In other words, Cold War leaders needed to acknowledge not only their enemy’s faults and weaknesses, but also their own. However, each Cold War nation also had its fair share of “hard-liners.” Hard-liners advocated for the following policies:

standing up to the enemy
negotiating from a position of strength
using nuclear weapons, if necessary
In short, they were willing to start another conflict or war to win the international power struggle. There were at least two occasions where one or the other side came very close to using nuclear weapons: the Korean War and the Cuban Missile Crisis. There could have been others. Fortunately, negotiation and restraint won the day over the hard-liners.

In this activity, you’ll look at some important characteristics that were common to all the Cold War leaders. You will then write a brief essay about a leader who you think best exemplifies these important characteristics.

Part A
Recall this list of Cold War leaders that you researched in the previous task:

Ronald Reagan
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Margaret Thatcher
Nikita Khrushchev
Harry S. Truman
Josef Stalin
Mikhail Gorbachev
From among them, select the one who you think did the most to help de-escalate or end the Cold War. Remember, the person you select should exemplify the leadership qualities of negotiation and restraint. Write the name of the leader you chose in the answer space.