The use of the terms encounter and columbian
exchange represents attempts to describe the
(1) nature of cultural interactions
(2) establishment of land grants
(3) results of scientific innovations
(4) origins of divine right theory

The use of the terms Encounter and Columbian Exchange represents attempts to describe the (1) nature of cultural interactions. An encounter is an authentic, congruent meeting between two individuals and the Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries related to European colonization and trade, including the African/American slave trade after Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage.

The three steps before modern english were indo-european, germanic, and old english. as peoples moved around the eurasian continent, their languages changed. throughout the ages, the languages became more specialized. as english has many germanic influences, it is easy to see how this was one of the forebears. also, old english was one of the main ancestors of the modern language, spoken in the 5th through about the 13th centuries.