How did martin luther and his reforms encourage the growth of individualism and secularism?

by asserting that believers must undertake all seven sacraments to demonstrate their faith

by emphasizing the role of good deeds in achieving salvation

by declaring that the bible was not a reliable source of religious truth

by rejecting the idea that the church hierarchy had special powers

The correct answer among the choices is the last one:

“by rejecting the idea that the Church hierarchy had special powers”

A lot of corrupt practices were rampant or practiced in the church of God during Martin Luther's time. It was high considered or believed that priests were the only one who know God and the bible. Then the priests used this misbelieve ignorance of the Christians to exploit over them. Martin Luther preached against this while claiming that the priests have no special powers opposed to what is commonly preached. All in all, the actions of Martin Luther greatly helped in the reformation of Christendom. 

answer:

it caused mass african migration, african populations to grow, african empires to topple, and racism against slaves to emerge.