How did the spread of muslim rule most effect european leaders?

they tolerated it
they ignorned it
they were understanding of it
they were threatened by it

The spread of Muslim rule was threatening to the European leaders.

The Middle Ages or Medieval Period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century in the history of Europe and it began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Islamic world was at its cultural climax and it provided information and ideas to Europe, thru Andalusia, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant during the high medieval period.

usually her father was the one that controlled it after the death of the husband

states

explanation:

as the old saying goes, all politics are local. state and federal governments affect our daily lives in numerous ways. yet, in our federal system, there is supposed to be a balance between federal and state power. as james madison envisioned it in federalist no. 51, “the power surrendered by the people” would be “divided between two distinct governments,” creating a balance of power that would enable the “different governments [to] control each other.”