All of the following are true of political institutions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries except
(a) europe experienced the rule of absolute monarchs.
(b) china saw the establishment of its last dynasty.
(c) enlightenment theories altered russian political thought.
(d) japan’s government became more centralized.
(e) ottoman power was in decline.

the right answer for the question that is being asked and shown above is that: "their policy of "divide and rule" pitted political groups against each other to keep any one group from becoming too powerful.  " the  participant in european imperialism is being described below is that  their policy of "divide and rule" pitted political groups against each other to keep any one group from becoming too powerful. 

the communist manifesto is an 1848 political pamphlet by the german near the end of the manifesto, the authors call for a "forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions",  ..